A4 - strings

char name[] = "string";

• here, an array of characters is generated to represent a string

• each character is stored serially as its ASCII value, terminated by a null character

• in the above declaration, an array of length 7 is created

• special characters are represented using escape sequences

char name[40]; /* an array that can contain 39 characters */
scanf("%39s", name); /* note that there is no '&' */
printf("hello, %s!\n", name);

• the name of an array is the address of its first element, so it shouldn't be passed as a reference

• string operations are contained in a special library, <string.h>

#include <string.,h>

char dest[100];

strcpy(dest, source); /* dest = source */
strcat(dest, source); /* dest + source */

/* safer string functions  that explicity state the maximum size*/

strcpy_s(dest, sizeof(dest), source); /* dest = source */
strcat_s(dest, sizeof(dest), source); /* dest + source */

puts(dest); /* prints out the string with a new line */

char msg[40];
strcat_s(msg, sizeof(msg), "'"hello")
int size = sizeof(msg) /* 40 */
int length = strlen(msg) /* 6 */


strcmp(password, "password" /* comparison: 0 if equal */